Paʻa Duplex A182 F60 Puka Puka

ʻO ke kiwi puka kila forged e pili ana i ka valve nona ka ʻīpuka e neʻe kū pololei ma ka laina waena o ke ala. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā kiwi puka kila forged no ka ʻoki ʻana i nā pipeline. ʻO ka valve puka kila forged he valve hoʻohana nui ʻia, a hoʻohana maʻamau ia no ka ʻoki ʻana i nā mea hana me ke anawaena o DN ≤ 50. He mea maʻamau nā kiwi puka kila forged.

ʻO ka Duplex stainless steel he kila kila kahi i loaʻa ai ka hapalua o ka māhele ferrite a me ka hapalua o ka māhele austenite i loko o kāna ʻano hoʻoheheʻe paʻa, me ka hapa liʻiliʻi o 30%. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka Duplex stainless steel ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻike Cr a i ʻole ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea ferrite ʻē aʻe ma ke kumu o 18-8 austenitic stainless steel. ʻAʻole wale ia he papa kuhikuhi bi-directional o austenite a me ferrite, akā mālama pū kekahi i ka alloy Ni. Ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻāpana ʻelua o ka duplex stainless steel, ma ka hoʻomalu pono ʻana i ka haku mele a me ke kaʻina mālama wela, hiki i ka duplex stainless steel ke hoʻohui i nā pono o ka ferritic stainless steel a me austenitic stainless steel. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka austenite i ka duplex stainless steel e hōʻemi i ka brittleness o Cr ferrite a me ka manaʻo no ka ulu ʻana o ka kristal, ʻoiai e mālama ana i ka paʻakikī maikaʻi loa a me ka hana kuʻi; ʻO ka heleʻana o ka ferrite e hoʻonui i ka ikaika o ka hua, ke kū'ēʻana i ka corrosion intergranular, a me ke kū'ēʻana i ka chloride stress corrosion o austenite.